TCs normally initiate over tropical oceans with Sea surface temperature (SST) >26☌ to a depth of 60 meter and weak vertical wind shears. Most TC damage is caused by the force of its strong wind and flash flooding. Severe TCs can attain very strong wind speeds greater than 260 km/hr and bring heavy precipitation. It led to the death of 233 people and damages of $75 billion. Hurricane Sandy during October 22–Novemhad a maximum sustained wind speed of 185 km/hr. It is the costliest hurricane in US history which killed an estimated 1245–1836 people and caused damages of $149 billion. For example, Hurricane Katrina during August 23–31, 2005 with a maximum wind speed of 280 km/hr impacted most of south‐east US regions and landed in the Greater New Orleans. Obviously, an 18-foot storm surge at high tide is that much worse than an 18-foot surge at low tide.The tropical cyclone (TC) is among the most severe weather systems, with the potential for catastrophic damage to human lives, society, transportation, properties, etc. Another factor in the severity of the storm surge is tide. Contrary to a popular myth, the storm surge is entirely wind-driven water-it is not caused by the low pressure of the eye. The peak storm surge is on the right-front quadrant (left-front in the Southern Hemisphere) of the eyewall at landfall, where on-shore winds are the strongest, and at the leading edge of the eyewall. In deep-water enviroments, such as the Hawaiian islands, storm surge will be enhanced by the rapidly decreasing ocean depth as the wind-driven surge approaches the coast. The exact storm surge in any given area will be determined by how quickly the water depth increases offshore. Historically, storm surge is the primary killer in hurricanes. In the Northwest Pacific, a typhoon that reaches 150 mph (241 km/hr) is called a Super Typhoon. Many buildings destroyed, or structurally damaged beyond repair. Hurricane force winds extend well inland.Ĭategory 5 – 137+ knots (157+ mph 252+ km/h). Severe coastal erosion, with permanent changes to the coastal landscape not unheard of. Complete roof failures on many buildings. Storm surge begins to cause significant damage in beaches and harbors, with small buildings destroyed.Ĭategory 4 – 113-136 knots (130-156 mph 209-251 km/h). Some trees blown down, more extensive limb damage.Ĭategory 3 – 96-112 knots (111-129 mph 178-208 km/h). The main threat to life and property may be flooding from heavy rains.Ĭategory 2 – 83-95 knots (96-110 mph 154-177 km/h). There is no significant damage to buildings. Damage is limited to foliage, signage, unanchored boats and mobile homes. The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane ScaleĬategory 1 – 64-82 knots (74-95 mph 119-153 km/h). In the Atlantic Ocean, East Pacific, Central Pacific (east of the International Dateline) and Southeast Pacific (east of 160☎) a Hurricane in the Northwest Pacific (west of the International Dateline) a Typhoon in the Southwest Pacific (west of 160☎) and Southeast Indian Ocean (east of 90☎) a Severe Tropical Cyclone in the North Indian Ocean a Severe Cyclonic Storm and in the Southwest Indian Ocean (west of 90☎) a Tropical Cyclone. When the winds are sustained (based on a one-minute average) at 74 mph (64 knots 119 km/hr), the storm becomes: Tropical storms are named in the Atlantic, East, Central and Northwest Pacific, in the South Indian Ocean, and in the Arabian Sea. As the system strengthens, it becomes a tropical storm with winds from 39 to 73 mph (35-63 knots 63-118 km/hr). RADIUS OF 034 KT WINDS - 000 NM NORTHEAST QUADRANTĪ hurricane (or typhoon, or severe tropical cyclone), the strongest storm on Earth, is a cyclonic (rotary) storm that derives its energy from cloud formation and rainfall, unlike frontal cyclones that derive their power from a temperature gradient.Ī hurricane begins as a tropical depression with a sustained wind speed of less than 39 mph (35 knots 63 km/hr). MAX SUSTAINED WINDS - 035 KT, GUSTS 045 KT POSITION BASED ON CENTER LOCATED BY SATELLITE MOVEMENT PAST SIX HOURS - 035 DEGREES AT 05 KTS MAX SUSTAINED WINDS BASED ON ONE-MINUTE AVERAGE TROPICAL STORM 04W (CHABA) WARNING NR 003Ġ1 ACTIVE TROPICAL CYCLONE IN NORTHWESTPAC The government of Colombia has issued a Tropical Storm Warning for MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE.1009 MB.29.80 INCHES PRESENT MOVEMENT.W OR 270 DEGREES AT 20 MPH.31 KM/H SUMMARY OF 500 AM EDT.0900 UTC.INFORMATIONĪBOUT 65 MI.105 KM WSW OF NTHRN TIP OF GUAJIRA PNSULA COLOMBIAĪBOUT 770 MI.1240 KM E OF BLUEFIELDS NICARAGUA EXPECTED TO BECOME A TROPICAL STORM TODAY AND STRENGTHEN WHILE DISTURBANCE MOVING OFF THE GUAJIRA PENINSULA OVER THE NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL AL022022 Potential Tropical Cyclone 02L Potential Tropical Cyclone Two Advisory Number 11
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